标题： 一种驱动无序系统方法在变化环境中的生物进化 显示英文标题

标题： A Driven Disordered Systems Approach to Biological Evolution in Changing Environments

摘要： 种群的生物进化由适应度景观所支配，适应度景观是从基因型到适应度的映射。 然而，适应度景观依赖于生物的环境，变化环境中的进化仍然知之甚少。 我们研究了一个特定的细菌抗生素抗性进化的模型，其中抗生素浓度是一个环境参数，适应度景观包含了对低和高抗生素浓度适应之间的权衡。 随着遵循适应度梯度的进化动力学，系统在缓慢变化的抗生素浓度下的进化类似于无热物理系统在外加驱动下的非热动力学。 利用这种相似性，我们表明我们的模型可以描述为一个具有相互作用的迟滞元件的系统。 与受驱无序系统的情况类似，发现抗生素浓度循环下的适应性进化表现出迟滞环和记忆形成。 我们推导了准静态浓度变化的一些解析结果。 我们还进行了数值模拟，以研究在浓度以离散步骤变化的驱动协议下这些效应如何被修改。 我们的方法为在变化环境中研究生物系统进化动力学的模式提供了一个通用框架。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Biological evolution of a population is governed by the fitness landscape, which is a map from genotype to fitness. However, a fitness landscape depends on the organisms environment, and evolution in changing environments is still poorly understood. We study a particular model of antibiotic resistance evolution in bacteria where the antibiotic concentration is an environmental parameter and the fitness landscapes incorporate tradeoffs between adaptation to low and high antibiotic concentration. With evolutionary dynamics that follow fitness gradients, the evolution of the system under slowly changing antibiotic concentration resembles the athermal dynamics of disordered physical systems under external drives. Exploiting this resemblance, we show that our model can be described as a system with interacting hysteretic elements. As in the case of the driven disordered systems, adaptive evolution under antibiotic concentration cycling is found to exhibit hysteresis loops and memory formation. We derive a number of analytical results for quasistatic concentration changes. We also perform numerical simulations to study how these effects are modified under driving protocols in which the concentration is changed in discrete steps. Our approach provides a general framework for studying motifs of evolutionary dynamics in biological systems in a changing environment.