标题： TASI讲义：暗物质的粒子物理学与天体物理学 显示英文标题

标题： TASI Lectures on the Particle Physics and Astrophysics of Dark Matter

摘要： 这些关于暗物质（DM）的粒子物理和天体物理学讲义是在TASI 2022“希格斯发现十年后：现在的粒子物理与未来”上讲授的。 这些讲义的重点是针对高年级研究生和刚起步的博士后的水平，关注粒子DM模型的间接（即天体物理和宇宙学）探测方法。虽然广泛讨论了DM模型和间接探测，但弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMPs）和轴子的例子被详细阐述。 涵盖的主题包括：DM在结构形成宇宙学和天文学中的作用，包括星系中的DM密度分布，粒子DM模型的一般约束条件，以轻度higgsino为例的最小DM理论，通过伽马射线的间接探测（包括即将推出的切伦科夫望远镜阵列），轴子作为强CP问题的解决方案和DM候选者，包括可能的紫外完备化和轴子弦宇宙学讨论，以及轴子的天体物理探测，如等曲率扰动、$N_{\rm eff}$、黑洞超辐射、射电望远镜、光谱调制、恒星偏振和恒星冷却等其他主题。 提供了示例Jupyter笔记本，引导读者完成相关分析，包括一个关于Segue I矮星系的DM湮灭搜索的示例统计分析，使用费米大面积望远镜的伽马射线数据，与Fermi银河系中心过剩的DM解释相关。 我们还提供了粒子和天体粒子物理的频率统计学入门。 这些讲义旨在具有教学性，重点在于解释在接下来的十年中将在寻找粒子DM的过程中发挥关键作用的基本物理原理和分析技术。 显示英文摘要

摘要： These lecture notes on the particle physics and astrophysics of dark matter (DM) were delivered at TASI 2022 ``Ten Years After the Higgs Discovery: Particle Physics Now and Future." The focus of these lecture notes, aimed at the level of advanced graduate students and beginning postdocs, is on indirect (i.e., astrophysical and cosmological) probes of particle DM models. While DM models and indirect detection are broadly discussed, the examples of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) and axions are worked out in detail. The topics covered include: the role of DM in the cosmology and astrophysics of structure formation, including DM density profiles in galaxies, general constraints on particle DM models, the theory of minimal DM, with the higgsino as a relevant and illustrative example, indirect detection with gamma-rays, including with the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array, axions as a solution to the strong-CP problem and a DM candidate, including discussions of possible ultraviolet completions and of axion string cosmology, and astrophysical probes of axions such as with isocurvature perturbations, $N_{\rm eff}$, black hole superradiance, radio telescopes, spectral modulations, stellar polarization, and stellar cooling, amongst other topics. Example Jupyter notebooks are provided that walk the reader through relevant analyses, including an example statistical analysis of a DM annihilation search towards the Segue I dwarf galaxy with gamma-ray data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope that is relevant for DM explanations of the Fermi Galactic Center Excess. We also provide an introduction to frequentist statistics for particle and astro-particle physics. These lecture notes are meant to be pedagogical, with the focus on explaining the underlying physical principles and analysis techniques that are set to play crucial roles in the search for particle DM in the coming decade.