标题： 标量场暗物质的上界来自LIGO-Virgo第三轮观测 显示英文标题

标题： Upper limit on scalar field dark matter from LIGO-Virgo third observation run

摘要： 如果暗物质是一种与基本粒子弱相互作用的轻标量场，这样的场会引起物理常数的振荡，从而导致作用在宏观物体上的随时间变化的力。在本文中，我们报告了在第三次观测运行（O3）期间两个LIGO探测器数据中对此类信号的搜索。我们关注标量场质量在$10^{-13}-10^{-11}~{\rm eV}$范围内的部分，此时信号落在探测器的灵敏度带内。我们首先制定了可以与公开数据直接比较的交叉相关统计方法。发现包括由太阳系在银河系中的运动引起的暗物质速度分布各向异性会将信号增强$\sim 2$倍，除了围绕$\simeq 3\times 10^{-13}~{\rm eV}$的狭窄质量范围，此时利文斯顿和汉福德干涉仪之间的相关性被抑制。从信号的未检测到，我们得出了五种代表性情况下基本粒子与标量场之间耦合常数的上限。对于所有不满足弱等效原理的情况，对弱等效原理的违反测试提供了最严格的耦合常数上限。第五种力实验的上限始终比LIGO的更强，但在大质量范围内两者的差异小于$\sim 5$倍。我们的研究证明，引力波实验开始为我们提供关于暗物质本质的重要信息。本文提供的方法也可以应用于即将进行的实验数据，并有望探测更广泛的模型参数范围。 显示英文摘要

摘要： If dark matter is a light scalar field weakly interacting with elementary particles, such a field induces oscillations of the physical constants, which results in time-varying force acting on macroscopic objects. In this paper, we report on a search for such a signal in the data of the two LIGO detectors during their third observing run (O3). We focus on the mass of the scalar field in the range of $10^{-13}-10^{-11}~{\rm eV}$ for which the signal falls within the detectors' sensitivity band. We first formulate the cross-correlation statistics that can be readily compared with publically available data. It is found that inclusion of the anisotropies of the velocity distribution of dark matter caused by the motion of the solar system in the Milky Way Galaxy enhances the signal by a factor of $\sim 2$ except for the narrow mass range around $\simeq 3\times 10^{-13}~{\rm eV}$ for which the correlation between the interferometer at Livingston and the one at Hanford is suppressed. From the non-detection of the signal, we derive the upper limits on the coupling constants between the elementary particles and the scalar field for five representative cases. For all the cases where the weak equivalence principle is not satisfied, tests of the violation of the weak equivalence principle provide the tightest upper limit on the coupling constants. Upper limits from the fifth-force experiment are always stronger than the ones from LIGO, but the difference is less than a factor of $\sim 5$ at large-mass range. Our study demonstrates that gravitational-wave experiments are starting to bring us meaningful information about the nature of dark matter. The formulation provided in this paper may be applied to the data of upcoming experiments as well and is expected to probe much wider parameter range of the model.