标题： 通过多粒子关联测量夸克-胶子等离子体中的喷注能量损失涨落 显示英文标题

标题： Measuring jet energy loss fluctuations in the quark-gluon plasma via multiparticle correlations

摘要： 夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）是一种在相对论能级核碰撞中产生的高温物质状态。 利用由夸克和胶子在碰撞初期以大动量转移散射而产生的高横动量（$p_T$）喷注，来探测这一物质在短距离尺度上的性质。 高横动量粒子产额的各向异性傅里叶谐波$v_n(p_T)$表明了喷注在QGP中能量损失随路径长度的变化。 我们提出一个框架，基于利用$v_n(p_T)$测量喷注能量损失的结果，刻画当前尚未被实验约束的喷注能量损失波动。 本文中，我们使用一组多变量矩和累积量作为新的实验可观测量，用于测量稀有探针方位角各向异性的事件间涨落，并与软粒子的方位角各向异性进行比较。 最终，这些涨落可用于量化事件间喷注能量损失的幅度和波动。 我们将这些量与现有的多变量累积量可观测量联系起来，强调它们的独特性质，并通过蒙特卡洛模拟验证其灵敏度。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a high temperature state of matter produced in the collisions of two nuclei at relativistic energies. The properties of this matter at short distance scales are probed using jets with high transverse momentum ($p_T$) resulting from quarks and gluons scattered with large momentum transfer in the earliest stages of the collisions. The Fourier harmonics for anisotropies in the high transverse momentum particle yield, $v_n(p_T)$, indicate the path length dependence of jet energy loss within the QGP. We present a framework to build off of measurements of jet energy loss using $v_n(p_T)$ by characterizing fluctuations in jet energy loss that are currently not constrained experimentally. In this paper, we utilize a set of multivariate moments and cumulants as new experimental observables to measure event-by-event fluctuations in the azimuthal anisotropies of rare probes, and compare them to the azimuthal anisotropies of soft particles. Ultimately, these fluctuations can be used to quantify the magnitude and fluctuations of event-by-event jet energy loss. We relate these quantities to existing multivariate cumulant observables, highlight their unique properties, and validate their sensitivities with a Monte Carlo simulation.