标题： $U$矩阵几何模型在高能强子碰撞中多粒子产生中的应用 显示英文标题

标题： The $U$-Matrix geometrical model for multi-particle production in high-energy hadronic collisions

摘要： 受描绘KNO标度违反作为几何标度违反扩展的图片启发，本研究提出了一种基于几何方法并使用散射振幅的$U$-矩阵单位化方案的强子碰撞中多粒子产生的现象学模型。 该模型已进行了精细调整，所有参数均通过在广泛能量范围内的$p + p(\bar{p})$碰撞中对各种强子多重性分布数据的最佳拟合得出。 结果表明，我们的模型能够合理描述不同能量下的多种多重性分布。 此外，它们还展示了明显的几何标度违反，最终导致了KNO标度的显著违反。 该研究还分析了多重性分布的高阶矩。 我们观察到随着能量增加，最终态粒子之间的涨落和关联被显著高估，尤其是在超过LHC能量时尤为明显。 据称，这种高估是由于$U$-矩阵方案中嵌入的统计涨落所致。 本研究的发现揭示了$U$-矩阵方案在高能下碰撞几何对多粒子产生过程影响中的关键作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Inspired by the picture portraying the KNO scaling violation as an extension of the geometrical scaling violation, the current study proposes a phenomenological model for multi-particle production in hadron collisions based on the geometrical approach and using the $U$-Matrix unitarization scheme of the scattering amplitude. The model has been fine-tuned and all parameters have been derived from optimal fits to various hadronic multiplicity distributions data in $p + p(\bar{p})$ collisions across a broad range of energies. The results have revealed that our model furnishes a reasonable description of diverse multiplicity distributions at various energies. Besides, they have demonstrated a pronounced violation of the geometrical scaling, which eventually resulted in a significant violation of the KNO scaling. The study has also analyzed the higher-order moments of the multiplicity distribution. We have observed an unexpected overestimation of the fluctuations and correlations between final state particles with increasing energy, particularly above LHC energy. It is claimed that this overestimation is due to statistical fluctuations embedded in the $U$-matrix scheme. The findings of this study have shed light on the key role of the $U$-matrix scheme in the impact of collision geometry on multi-particle production processes at high energy.