标题： 全息Gubser流：一项结合解析和数值的研究 显示英文标题

标题： Holographic Gubser flow: A combined analytic and numerical study

摘要： Gubser流是一种具有圆柱对称性和提升对称性的演化过程，可以通过将闵可夫斯基空间（R$^{3,1}$）的未来楔形区域映射到共形相对论理论中的dS$_3$ $\times$ $\mathbb{R}$ 来最好地研究。 在这里，我们改进了之前的分析结果，并通过在全息共形场理论中首次对Gubser流的数值探索来验证这些结果。 值得注意的是，在大的德西特时间下，主要的普遍行为是横向的自由流，次级行为则是颜色玻璃凝聚态的行为。 我们还表明，只要能量密度在延拓到早期固有时或远离中心轴的大距离时衰减得比任何幂次都快，Gubser流可以平滑地粘合到未来闵可夫斯基楔形区域之外的真空。 我们发现，在中间时间，横向和纵向压力与能量密度的比值大约收敛到一个固定点，这个固定点仅在初始能量密度较大时才是流体动力学的。 我们认为，我们的结果表明，Gubser流更适合应用于喷注中的集体行为，而不是重离子碰撞现象学中的整个介质，并且可以揭示禁闭机制的新线索。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Gubser flow is an evolution with cylindrical and boost symmetries, which can be best studied by mapping the future wedge of Minkowski space (R$^{3,1}$) to dS$_3$ $\times$ $\mathbb{R}$ in a conformal relativistic theory. Here, we sharpen our previous analytic results and validate them via the first numerical exploration of the Gubser flow in a holographic conformal field theory. Remarkably, the leading generic behavior at large de Sitter time is free-streaming in transverse directions and the sub-leading behavior is that of a color glass condensate. We also show that Gubser flow can be smoothly glued to the vacuum outside the future Minkowski wedge generically given that the energy density vanishes faster than any power when extrapolated to early proper time or to large distances from the central axis. We find that at intermediate times the ratio of both the transverse and longitudinal pressures to the energy density converge approximately to a fixed point which is hydrodynamic only for large initial energy densities. We argue that our results suggest that the Gubser flow is better applied to collective behavior in jets rather than the full medium in the phenomenology of heavy ion collisions and can reveal new clues to the mechanism of confinement.