标题： 从S矩阵重新审视热力学，应用于QCD和约束通量管 显示英文标题

标题： Thermodynamics from the S-matrix reloaded, with applications to QCD and the confining Flux Tube

摘要： 在过去十年及更长时间里，基于S矩阵的计算方法经历了复兴，证明了其在无需基础拉格朗日表述的情况下提取物理量的优雅和强大。 在本工作中，我们对Dashen、Ma和Bernstein引入的形式化方法进行了批判性回顾和进一步发展，该方法将相对论系统的热力学与散射振幅中的信息联系起来。 作为示范，我们重新计算了强耦合下的QCD状态方程，展示了这种方法相对于传统热场理论技术的优势。 此外，我们将这些工具应用于D维中长束缚通量管的有效理论，分析了包括NNLO贡献在内的热效应。 我们的结果与使用热力学Bethe假设方法得到的结果进行了比较。 我们还讨论了这些技术如何使在通量管研究中包含非普遍效应成为可能，同时仅依赖S矩阵作为输入。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Over the past decade and more, S-matrix-based calculational methods have experienced a resurgence, proving to be both an elegant and powerful tool for extracting physical quantities without the need for an underlying Lagrangian formulation. In this work, we critically review and further develop the formalism introduced by Dashen, Ma, and Bernstein, which connects the thermodynamics of relativistic systems to the information contained in their scattering amplitudes. As a demonstration, we revisit the computation of the QCD equation of state to leading order in the strong coupling, showcasing the advantages of this method over traditional Thermal Field Theory techniques. Additionally, we apply these tools to the effective theory of a long confining Flux Tube in D dimensions, analyzing thermal effects up to and including NNLO contributions. Our results are compared with those obtained using the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz method. We also discuss how these techniques enable the inclusion of non-universal effects in the study of Flux Tubes, while relying solely on the S-matrix as input.