标题： 关于涡旋胶子等离子体中混合非均匀相的起源 显示英文标题

标题： On the origin of mixed inhomogeneous phase in vortical gluon plasma

摘要： 近期，SU(3)杨-米尔斯理论的晶格模拟表明，在热平衡下的旋转高温胶子物质具有一种新颖的非均匀相，其中脱禁闭相位于中心区域，且在空间上与外围的禁闭相分离。 这种非均匀双相结构同样预计会在非中心相对论重离子碰撞中形成的夸克-胶子等离子体中由涡度产生。 我们展示出，其涡度性质由角速度与胶子场的两种耦合决定：一种是线性耦合到胶子的机械角动量，另一种是二次耦合（即“磁涡度”耦合）到色磁场分量。 我们通过数值计算证明，这种涡度（夸克-）胶子等离子体的独特非均匀结构主要由后者决定，而前者仅起到次要作用。 我们还论证了，在弯曲共旋转背景中胶子作用的各向异性可以定量解释这一非均匀相的空间结构违背托尔曼-爱因斯坦法则直观实现的特性。 此外，我们通过仅考虑杨-米尔斯等离子体磁部分作用的真实角频率蒙特卡洛模拟，也支持了我们的发现。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Recently, lattice simulations of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory revealed that rotating hot gluon matter in thermal equilibrium possesses a novel inhomogeneous phase consisting of the deconfinement phase located in the center region, which is spatially separated from the confinement phase in the periphery. This inhomogeneous two-phase structure is also expected to be produced by vorticity in quark-gluon plasma formed in non-central relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We show that its vortical properties are determined by two types of couplings of the angular velocity to the gluon fields: a linear coupling to the mechanical angular momentum of gluons and a quadratic ``magnetovortical'' coupling to a chromomagnetic component. We demonstrate numerically that the distinctive inhomogeneous structure of the vortical (quark-)gluon plasma is determined by the latter, while the former plays only a subleading role. We argue that the anisotropy of the gluonic action in the curved co-rotating background can quantitatively explain the remarkable property that the spatial structure of this inhomogeneous phase disobeys the picture based on a straightforward implementation of the Tolman-Ehrenfest law. We also support our findings with Monte Carlo simulations of Yang-Mills plasma at the real-valued angular frequency, which take into account only the magnetic part of the action.