标题： 探索人类基因组T2T-CHM13v2.0的多分形行为：图形表示和细胞遗传学 显示英文标题

标题： Exploring the Multifractal Behavior of the Human Genome T2T-CHM13v2.0: Graphical Representations and Cytogenetics

摘要： 在本工作中，我们将混沌游戏表示法（CGR）应用于完整的人类基因组序列T2T-CHM13v2.0，分析了整个染色体组装和每个染色体，包括线粒体DNA。 通过两种类型的盒计数覆盖率确定了多分形谱，显示出大多数染色体上的微小变化。 虽然几何支持保持一致，但每个染色体都观察到了不同的分布。 染色体9和Y表现出最大的奇异性（Hölder指数）差异，其分形支持有较小的变化。 CGR分布通常显示出编码区和非编码区以及CpG或GpC岛之间的近似分离。 对CGR分形支持的逐碱基分析揭示了染色体序列中的特征结构带，这些与细胞遗传学研究中识别的模式相吻合。 使用完整的组装作为参考，我们比较了两种替代表示方法：二进制基因组表示法（RGB）和马尔可夫链（MC）表示法。 这两种方法趋向于相同的分形支持，但根据分配的长度参数显示了不同的分布。 多分形分析突出了这些表示之间的定量差异：RGB更接近高频成分，而MC与低频有更好的对应关系。 使用十二碱基链的MC方法实现了最佳拟合，相对于完整的基因组组装，平均百分比误差为2%。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this work, we applied the Chaos Game Representation (CGR) to the complete human genomic sequence T2T-CHM13v2.0, analyzing the entire chromosome assembly and each chromosome separately, including mitochondrial DNA. Multifractal spectra were determined using two types of box-counting coverage, revealing slight variations across most chromosomes. While the geometric support remained consistent, distinct distributions were observed for each chromosome. Chromosomes 9 and Y exhibited the greatest differences in singularity (H\"older exponent), with minor variations in their fractal support. The CGR distributions generally demonstrated an approximate separation between coding and non-coding sections, as well as CpG or GpC islands. A base-by-base analysis of the fractal support of the CGR uncovered characteristic structural bands in chromosome sequences, which align with patterns identified in cytogenetic studies. Using the complete assembly as a reference, we compared two alternative representations: the Binary Genomic Representation (RGB) and the Markov Chain (MC) representation. Both methods tended toward the same fractal support but displayed differing distributions based on the assigned length parameter. Multifractal analysis highlighted quantitative differences between these representations: RGB aligned more closely with high-frequency components, while MC showed better correspondence with low frequencies. The optimal fit was achieved using MC for twelve-base chains, yielding an average percentage error of 2% relative to the full genomic assembly.