标题： 定制的薄层：通过受控热处理调节软光子学中的动态可调大面积微结构 显示英文标题

标题： Tailored Thin Films: Modulating Soft Photonics with Dynamically Tunable Large Area Microstructures via Controlled Thermal Processing

摘要： 自组装的纳米和微结构，特别是那些能够响应性擦除和再生的结构，因其在智能光子学和电子学中的应用而引起了广泛关注。 然而，目前调节这些结构的技术主要依赖于网络重组，这给原位再生带来了挑战。 此外，它们常见的制造技术复杂且不可控，形成的结构不适合大面积应用，从而影响了其经济可行性。 在此，我们提出了一种受控的热过程策略，用于在多种兼容材料（包括金属、半导体和聚合物）上制造大面积、动态可调的1D、2D和3D微结构和纳米结构。 通过调节系统中的温度变化、薄膜和基底的热膨胀系数、表面能、杨氏模量和薄膜厚度，我们在柔软和可拉伸的基底上实现了坚固、均匀、周期性的大面积结构。 该过程进一步得到了我们开发并通过实验和模拟验证的理论模型的支持。 为了展示我们方法的鲁棒性，我们展示了动态可调衍射光栅、光学扩散器、大面积反射显示器、伪装装置、出光效率增强器、可穿戴设备和机械变色传感器的原型。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Self-assembled nano and micro-structures, particularly those capable of responsive erasure and regeneration, have garnered significant interest for their applications in smart photonics and electronics. However, current techniques for modulating these architectures largely depend on network rearrangement, posing challenges for in situ regeneration. Furthermore, their common fabrication techniques are complex and uncontrolled with the structures formed not being amenable for large area applications, thus compromising their economic viability. Herein, we present a controlled thermal process strategy for fabricating large-area, dynamically tunable, 1D,2D and 3D micro and nanostructures on a wide range of compatible materials including metals, semiconductors and polymers. By tuning the temperature changes in the system, thermal expansion coefficients of thin films and substrates, surface energy, Youngs modulus and thickness of the thin films we achieve robust, uniform, periodic structures over extensive areas on soft and stretchable substrates. The process is further supported by a theoretical model that we developed and validated by experiments and simulations. To showcase the robustness of our approach, we present prototypes of dynamically tunable diffraction gratings, optical diffusers, large-area reflective displays, camouflage devices, out-coupling efficiency enhancers, wearable devices and mechanochromic sensors.