标题： 受限单极子与格点弱引力猜想的失效 显示英文标题

标题： Confined monopoles and failure of the Lattice Weak Gravity Conjecture

摘要： 几乎所有的已知量子引力理论都满足格点弱引力猜想（LWGC），该猜想认为，一个一致的量子引力理论必须在电荷格点的每个位置都有一个超极端粒子。 然而，已经观察到一些理论违反了LWGC；这些理论仅表现出超极端粒子的（有限指数）子格点。 本文旨在识别与有效场论、弦理论和M理论中众多例子相关的LWGC违反的普遍特征和模式。 其中一些例子以前曾在文献中出现过，而其他则是新的。 在所有这些例子中，我们观察到LWGC失败伴随着由通量管束缚的分数电荷单极子的存在，其中超极端粒子存在于与分数束缚单极子电荷的超格点对偶的子格点中的每个位置。 当LWGC的失败更加极端时，束缚通量管会变轻，因此在LWGC违反粒子变得无限重的极限情况下，单极子会去束缚。 我们还发现了这些束缚单极子、非可逆对称性和Hanany-Witten效应之间的相似之处。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Almost all known theories of quantum gravity satisfy the Lattice Weak Gravity Conjecture (LWGC), which posits that a consistent theory of quantum gravity must have a superextremal particle at every site in the charge lattice. However, a number of theories have been observed to violate the LWGC; such theories exhibit only a (finite index) sublattice of superextremal particles. This paper aims to identify universal features and patterns associated with LWGC violation across numerous examples in effective field theory, string theory, and M-theory. Some of these examples have appeared previously in the literature, while others are novel. In all such examples, we observe that LWGC failure is accompanied by the existence of fractionally charged monopoles confined by flux tubes, where superextremal particles exist everywhere in the sublattice dual to the superlattice of fractional confined monopole charges. The confining flux tubes become light when the failure of the LWGC becomes more extreme, so monopoles deconfine in the limit where LWGC-violating particles become infinitely massive. We also identify similarities between these confined monopoles, non-invertible symmetries, and the Hanany-Witten effect.