标题： G蛋白偶联受体新力敏行为的见解 显示英文标题

标题： Insights into new mechanosensitive behaviors of G protein-coupled receptors

摘要： G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）是一类多样且至关重要的膜蛋白家族，在响应胞外刺激时介导细胞内信号转导，在生理和疾病中发挥关键作用。 传统上被认为是化学信号转导器的GPCRs，最近被发现参与机械力传导，即将机械刺激转化为细胞反应的过程。 本文综述了GPCRs在感知和响应机械力方面的新兴作用，重点关注心血管系统。 心血管稳态受到诸如剪切应力、周期性拉伸和压力等机械力的显著影响，这些因素在正常生理学以及高血压和动脉粥样硬化等疾病的发病机制中起着核心作用。 包括血管紧张素II型1受体（AT1R）和\b{eta}2-肾上腺素能受体（\b{eta}2-AR）在内的GPCRs已显示出整合机械和化学信号的能力，可能通过构象变化和/或脂质相互作用的调节，导致偏向性信号。 近期研究突出了GPCRs的双重激活机制，现在\b{eta}2-AR已成为机械力和配体依赖途径如何共同参与心血管调控的一个关键例子。 本文综合了目前关于GPCR力学敏感性的知识，强调其对心血管健康与疾病的意义，并探讨了有望进一步揭示这些受体机制复杂性的方法进展。 显示英文摘要

摘要： G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a diverse and vital family of membrane proteins that mediate intracellular signaling in response to extracellular stimuli, playing critical roles in physiology and disease. Traditionally recognized as chemical signal transducers, GPCRs have recently been implicated in mechanotransduction, the process of converting mechanical stimuli into cellular responses. This review explores the emerging role of GPCRs in sensing and responding to mechanical forces, with a particular focus on the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular homeostasis is heavily influenced by mechanical forces such as shear stress, cyclic stretch, and pressure, which are central to both normal physiology and the pathogenesis of diseases like hypertension and atherosclerosis. GPCRs, including the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and the \b{eta}2-adrenergic receptor (\b{eta}2-AR), have demonstrated the ability to integrate mechanical and chemical signals, potentially through conformational changes and/or modulation of lipid interactions, leading to biased signaling. Recent studies highlight the dual activation mechanisms of GPCRs, with \b{eta}2-AR now serving as a key example of how mechanical and ligand-dependent pathways contribute to cardiovascular regulation. This review synthesizes current knowledge of GPCR mechanosensitivity, emphasizing its implications for cardiovascular health and disease, and explores advancements in methodologies poised to further unravel the mechanistic intricacies of these receptors.