标题： 复杂群落的稳定性：离散时间动力学的视角 显示英文标题

标题： Stability of complex communities: A perspective from discrete-time dynamics

摘要： 理解复杂生态群落的稳定性是生态学的核心关注点之一，许多重要的理论进展已被提出以识别生态稳定性的驱动因素。然而，以往的结果通常依赖于连续时间的动力学模型，假设物种具有重叠世代。相比之下，众多现实世界的群落由非重叠世代的物种组成，其定量行为只能通过离散时间动力学而非连续时间动力学精确表示。在这里，我们开发了一个理论框架，并提出了一个度量标准，用于量化具有非重叠世代和多样化相互作用类型的复杂群落的稳定性。与现有针对重叠世代的研究结果形成鲜明对比的是，我们发现增加自我调节强度最初会稳定复杂群落，但随后会导致其不稳定。这一模式在利用食源性（如大肠杆菌、假单胞菌黄杆菌、绿假单胞菌、柠檬气味假单胞菌）和竞争性（如假单胞菌属、维罗尼氏菌属、荧光假单胞菌）土壤微生物群落进行的实验中得到了进一步验证。此外，我们还表明，具有多样化相互作用类型的群落变得最为稳定，这一点得到了小鼠微生物网络的实证支持。另外，我们揭示了弱相互作用的普遍存在可以稳定群落，这与现有的微生物实验结果一致。我们对具有非重叠世代的复杂群落的分析为理解生态稳定性提供了更全面的认识，并为生态恢复和控制策略提供了指导。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Understanding the stability of complex communities is a central focus in ecology, many important theoretical advancements have been made to identify drivers of ecological stability. However, previous results often rely on the continuous-time dynamics, assuming that species have overlapping generations. In contrast, numerous real-world communities consist of species with non-overlapping generations, whose quantitative behavior can only be precisely represented by discrete-time dynamics rather than continuous ones. Here, we develop a theoretical framework and propose a metric to quantify the stability of complex communities characterized by non-overlapping generations and diverse interaction types. In stark contrast to existing results for overlapping generations, we find that increasing self-regulation strength first stabilizes and then destabilizes complex communities. This pattern is further confirmed in both exploitative (E. aerogenes, P. aurantiaca, P. chlororaphis, P. citronellolis) and competitive (P. putida, P. veroni, S. marcescens) soil microbial communities. Moreover, we show that communities with diverse interaction types become the most stable, which is corroborated by empirical mouse microbial networks. Furthermore, we reveal that the prevalence of weak interactions can stabilize communities, which is consistent with findings from existing microbial experiments. Our analyses of complex communities with non-overlapping generations provide a more comprehensive understanding of ecological stability and informs practical strategies for ecological restoration and control.