标题： 基于测量的线路阻抗估计在相量测量单元缺失情况下的研究 显示英文标题

标题： Measurement-Based Line-Impedance Estimation in the Absence of Phasor Measurement Units

摘要： 本文提出了几种方法来估算低压配电网络中线路的串联电阻和电抗（即线的$\pi$- 模型中的横向分量），并通过实验进行比较。首先，文章指出，如果可以获得相量测量值，并且已知电网节点电压和功率注入，则可以将该问题表述并解决为具有适当调整未知数的传统潮流计算。为了解决此问题，我们提出了一种雅可比矩阵的解析推导方法。如果只能获得有效值（例如来自智能仪表），则需要整合多个时间间隔的信息，最终导向最小二乘估计，这是文献中广泛采用的方法。在此背景下，应用所提出的雅可比矩阵有助于加速现有算法的问题求解。通过使用来自 HES-SO 瓦莱州 Gridlab 的实验性配电网络的测量数据（该网络接口真实组件并以实际规模实现）对这些方法在估计性能和收敛性方面进行了比较。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This paper proposes and compares experimentally several methods to estimate the series resistance and reactance (i.e., the transversal components of the $\pi$-model of a line) of low-voltage lines in distribution grids. It first shows that if phasor measurements are available and the grid nodal voltages and power injections are known, the problem can be formulated and solved as a conventional load flow with properly adjusted unknowns. To solve this problem, we propose an analytical derivation of the Jacobian matrix. If only RMS values are available, such as from smart meters, integrating information from multiple intervals becomes necessary, ultimately opening to least-squares estimations, widely adopted in the literature. In this context, applying the proposed Jacobian contributes to accelerating the problem resolution of existing algorithms. The methods are compared in terms of estimation performance and convergence by using measurements from an experimental distribution grid interfacing real-world components and with realistic size implemented at the Gridlab at HES-SO Valais.