标题： 用古探测器直接探测宇宙墙 显示英文标题

标题： Direct Detection of Cosmic Walls with Paleo Detectors

摘要： 古董探测器是一种新兴的暗物质探测技术，它利用古老的矿物作为被动的、时间积分的探测器。 与常规的实时实验不同，它们寻找永久性的损伤轨迹——通常由罕见的粒子相互作用（最著名的是数百万到数十亿年间积累的暗物质引起的核反冲）在晶体点阵中留下的几十纳米到微米长的痕迹。 在本文中，我提出了一种直接探测宇宙壁（无论是晚期一级相变产生的气泡壁还是处于标度状态的畴壁）的策略，使用古董探测器作为目标介质。 由于宇宙壁预计在整个宇宙历史中最多穿越地球$\mathcal{O}(1)$次，一个古老且持续暴露的探测器是唯一可行的直接观测方法。 通过计算目标反冲，我发现最显著的信号将是全球范围内在宇宙壁穿越时期之前的矿物中发现的平行损伤轨迹。 我假设宇宙壁在过去0.5Gyr内穿过地球，并由此推导出壁-目标耦合的限制。 我还提到一种通过注意诱发的宇宙射线来间接探测超相对论性宇宙壁的新方法。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Paleo detectors are emerging dark matter detection technology that exploits ancient minerals as passive, time-integrated detectors. Unlike conventional real-time experiments, they search for permanent damage tracks-typically tens of nanometers to micrometers long-left in crystal lattices by rare particle interactions, most notably dark matter induced nuclear recoils accumulated over millions to billions of years. In this paper I propose a direct detection strategy for cosmic walls-either bubble walls produced by a late-time first-order phase transition or domain walls in a scaling regime-using paleo detectors as the target medium. Because the cosmic wall is expected to traverse Earth at most $\mathcal{O}(1)$ time(s) in cosmic history, an ancient, continuously exposed detector is the only feasible way to observe it directly. By calculating the target recoils, I find that the smoking-gun signature would be parallel damage tracks found worldwide in minerals older than the wall-crossing epoch. I derive the limit on the wall-target coupling by assuming that a wall passed through the Earth within the last 0.5 Gyr. I also mention a novel indirect detection of ultra-relativistic cosmic walls by noting the induced cosmic rays.