标题： 能量时间ptychography用于一维相位恢复 显示英文标题

标题： Energy Time Ptychography for one-dimensional phase retrieval

摘要： 相位恢复是自适应光学和现代高分辨率成像的核心。如果没有相位信息，光学系统只能进行强度测量，阻碍了对物体结构和波前动力学的完全重建，这对于高级应用至关重要。在这里，我们解决了一个与能量和时间相关的一维相位问题，该问题出现在超尖锐核共振的X射线散射中。我们利用Mössbauer效应，其中原子核散射辐射而不损失能量给晶格，并且对它们的磁化学环境敏感。我们不是使用传统的放射性伽马射线源光谱学，而是以时域测量同步加速器X射线脉冲的核前向散射，提供更高的灵敏度和更快的数据采集。由于缺少相位信息，从单次测量中提取光谱信息具有挑战性，通常需要广泛的建模。相反，我们使用多个能量上重叠的测量来检索传输光谱和散射响应的相位，类似于成像中的ptychographic相位恢复。我们的稳健方法可以克服伽马射线源的带宽限制，为现代X射线源和Mössbauer同位素开辟新的研究方向。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Phase retrieval is at the heart of adaptive optics and modern high-resolution imaging. Without phase information, optical systems are limited to intensity-only measurements, hindering full reconstruction of object structures and wavefront dynamics essential for advanced applications. Here, we address a one-dimensional phase problem linking energy and time, which arises in X-ray scattering from ultrasharp nuclear resonances. We leverage the M\"ossbauer effect, where nuclei scatter radiation without energy loss to the lattice, and are sensitive to their magneto-chemical environments. Rather than using traditional spectroscopy with radioactive gamma-ray sources, we measure nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron X-ray pulses in the time domain, providing superior sensitivity and faster data acquisition. Extracting spectral information from a single measurement is challenging due to the missing phase information, typically requiring extensive modeling. Instead, we use multiple energetically overlapping measurements to retrieve both the transmission spectrum and the phase of the scattering response, similar to ptychographic phase retrieval in imaging. Our robust approach can overcome the bandwidth limitations of gamma-ray sources, opening new research directions with modern X-ray sources and M\"ossbauer isotopes.