标题： 生物过程作为探索性动力学 显示英文标题

标题： Biological Processes as Exploratory Dynamics

摘要： 许多生物过程可以看作是潜在动力学的结果，在这种动力学中，系统反复经历不同的、未完成的轨迹，只有当达到某种特定的过程、目的、结构或功能时，动力学过程才结束。 一个经典的例子是微管附着到动粒上作为染色体分离和细胞分裂的前提条件。 在这个例子中，动力学的特点是显然徒劳的时间历史，其中微管反复生长和收缩而没有染色体附着。 我们假设，对于那些重要的不是初始条件而是最终状态的生物过程来说，这种探索性动力学是生物学实现这些功能的一种独特且必要的解决方案。 这种因果关系可以与物理学和化学中的例子进行对比，后者中初始条件决定了结果。 在这篇论文中，我们研究了许多依赖于从初始状态开始的随机轨迹以及选择这些轨迹的子集以实现某些期望的功能性最终状态的生物过程的相似之处。 我们首先回顾了物理背景下动力学原理的悠久历史，然后是在生命研究背景下的历史。 然后，我们将这些思想与表现出探索性动力学的广泛生物现象类别进行比较。 接着，我们基于早期的工作，对一系列越来越复杂的探索性动力学模型进行了定量分析，所有这些模型都具有共同的特点：一系列重复试验最终以“获胜”轨迹告终。 我们还探讨了微观参数如何调节以改变探索性动力学以及执行此类过程的能量负担。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Many biological processes can be thought of as the result of an underlying dynamics in which the system repeatedly undergoes distinct and abortive trajectories with the dynamical process only ending when some specific process, purpose, structure or function is achieved. A classic example is the way in which microtubules attach to kinetochores as a prerequisite for chromosome segregation and cell division. In this example, the dynamics is characterized by apparently futile time histories in which microtubules repeatedly grow and shrink without chromosomal attachment. We hypothesize that for biological processes for which it is not the initial conditions that matter, but rather the final state, this kind of exploratory dynamics is biology's unique and necessary solution to achieving these functions with high fidelity. This kind of cause and effect relationship can be contrasted to examples from physics and chemistry where the initial conditions determine the outcome. In this paper, we examine the similarities of many biological processes that depend upon random trajectories starting from the initial state and the selection of subsets of these trajectories to achieve some desired functional final state. We begin by reviewing the long history of the principles of dynamics, first in the context of physics, and then in the context of the study of life. These ideas are then stacked against the broad categories of biological phenomenology that exhibit exploratory dynamics. We then build on earlier work by making a quantitative examination of a succession of increasingly sophisticated models for exploratory dynamics, all of which share the common feature of being a series of repeated trials that ultimately end in a "winning" trajectory. We also explore the ways in which microscopic parameters can be tuned to alter exploratory dynamics as well as the energetic burden of performing such processes.