标题： 宏观结构光吸收体 显示英文标题

标题： Macroscopic Structural Light Absorbers

摘要： 光与光学和机械系统的相互作用受到材料特性、几何结构和表面形貌的影响。 设计这些系统需要仔细平衡相互冲突的要求，例如在减小尺寸和重量的同时提高散热并减少来自照明周边安装表面的杂散光。 通常通过光阑、涂层和微结构来减轻杂散光，同时保持清洁。 然而，使用光阑可能并不总是可行的，有效的光学吸收涂层或微米级的光吸收结构可能成本高昂，并且对环境因素如磨损、辐射加热或清洁剂敏感。 在一项概念验证研究中，我们设计并分析了作为周期性极小表面近似和准随机晶格实现的宏观结构光吸收器。 “宏观”一词指的是最小结构尺寸约为100微米。 通过增加残留反射光到达半球形接收器前的反射次数，我们实现了接收峰值强度降低至0.39以下，平均强度降低至0.65以下，而无需改变表面特性。 宏观结构光吸收器支持成本效益高且耐用的光吸收材料，如黑色阳极氧化铝或ABS塑料，同时仍能实现令人满意的杂散光抑制。 这种方法适用于航空航天光学系统（如望远镜和成像光谱仪），以及一般的科学和工业光学仪器及商用产品（包括投影仪和灯具）。 所展示的结构可以通过增材制造工艺（如激光粉末床熔融）可持续制造。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The interaction of light with optical and mechanical systems is influenced by material properties, geometrical configurations, and surface topographies. Designing these systems necessitates a careful balance of conflicting requirements, such as minimising size and weight while simultaneously improving heat transfer and reducing stray light from illuminated peripheral mounting surfaces. Stray light is typically mitigated by apertures, coatings, and microscopic structures, alongside maintaining cleanliness. However, using apertures may not always be feasible, and effective optical absorber coatings or microscopic light absorbing structures can be costly and sensitive to environmental factors such as abrasion, radiation heating, or cleaning agents. In a proof-of-concept investigation, we design and analyse macroscopic structural light absorbers realised as periodic minimal surface approximations and quasi-stochastic lattices. The term "macroscopic" refers to minimal structural dimensions of approximately 100 micrometres. By increasing the number of reflections before residual reflected light reaches a hemispherical receiver, we achieve reductions in received peak intensities by factors of less than 0.39 and average intensities by factors of less than 0.65, without altering the surface properties. Macroscopic structural light absorbers support cost-effective and robust light-absorbing materials, such as black anodised aluminium or ABS polymers, while still achieving satisfactory stray light suppression. This approach is applicable to aerospace optical systems (such as telescopes and imaging spectrometers), as well as general scientific and industrial optical instruments and commercial products (including projectors and luminaires). The demonstrated structures can be sustainably fabricated through additive manufacturing processes like laser powder bed fusion.