标题： 使用单通道EEG区分认知负荷和应激反应：焦虑在认知状态中的行为和神经相关性 显示英文标题

标题： Dissociating Cognitive Load and Stress Responses Using Single-Channel EEG: Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Anxiety Across Cognitive States

摘要： 识别压力和认知负荷的神经标记是开发可扩展的心理状态评估工具的关键。 本研究评估了单通道高密度脑电图（hdrEEG）系统是否能够在简短的听觉任务协议中区分认知和与压力相关的活动。 68名健康成年人完成了静息状态记录、认知要求较高的听觉任务以及不可预测的文字化惊跳刺激暴露。 参与者还使用修改后的状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）对其压力和焦虑进行评分。 脑电图分析集中在频段（Theta、Gamma、Delta）和机器学习衍生特征（A0、ST4、VC9、T2）。 出现了双分离：Theta和VC9在认知负荷下增加，但不在惊跳刺激下增加，支持它们对执行功能的敏感性。 相反，Gamma和A0在惊跳刺激下升高，与压力反应一致。 ST4跟踪认知努力和担忧，而T2与自我报告的平静感呈负相关，表明与情绪调节有关。 这些结果表明，使用便携式脑电图进行短暂且统一的评估可以产生多个可靠的认知和情感状态生物标志物。 这些发现对临床、职业和教育环境具有意义，并可能为未来同时调节注意力和压力的神经反馈协议提供依据。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Identifying neural markers of stress and cognitive load is key to developing scalable tools for mental state assessment. This study evaluated whether a single-channel high-density EEG (hdrEEG) system could dissociate cognitive and stress-related activity during a brief auditory task-based protocol. Sixty-eight healthy adults completed resting state recordings, cognitively demanding auditory tasks, and exposure to unpredictable literalized startle stimuli. Participants also rated their stress and anxiety using a modified State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). EEG analysis focused on frequency bands (Theta, Gamma, Delta) and machine-learning-derived features (A0, ST4, VC9, T2). A double dissociation emerged: Theta and VC9 increased under cognitive load but not startle, supporting their sensitivity to executive function. In contrast, Gamma and A0 were elevated by the startle stimulus, consistent with stress reactivity. ST4 tracked cognitive effort and worry, while T2 negatively correlated with self-reported calmness, indicating relevance to emotional regulation. These results demonstrate that a short, uniform assessment using portable EEG can yield multiple reliable biomarkers of cognitive and affective states. The findings have implications for clinical, occupational, and educational settings, and may inform future neurofeedback protocols targeting simultaneous regulation of attention and stress.