标题： 生物神经元的膜电位为何会发展并保持稳定？ 显示英文标题

标题： Why does the membrane potential of biological neuron develop and remain stable?

摘要： 神经元的电信号操作在考虑生物使用缓慢的正离子而非快速的轻电子作为电荷载体的情况下，可以完全由物理学来描述。 基于这些缓慢的离子，我们推导出了霍奇金和赫胥黎所希望的正确物理模型。 通过非学科方式使用电学和热力学定律，我们从科学的基本原理出发，从生物学的“构造”（绝缘半透膜的厚度以及膜壁中离子通道的存在）推导出静息电位。 我们表明，一个简单的控制电路调节神经元的操作，在静息状态和瞬态之间进行，并且发出动作电位是控制过程的一部分。 我们解释说，静息电位是电荷分离的结果，而不是如戈德曼-霍奇金-卡茨方程所声称的那样，是迁移率或反转电位的临时线性组合。 我们驳斥了霍奇金和霍奇黎提出的某种“泄漏电流”产生静息电位的假设；这样就解决了神经元“热量吸收”的几十年之谜，以及神经计算实际能量消耗与理论预期之间的争议。 我们修正了霍奇金和霍奇黎在其经验模型和数学方程背后的物理图像中的猜测错误，并通过提供其详细的数学描述引入了正确的物理模型。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The neuronal electric operation can entirely be described by physics provided that we take into account that slow positive ions instead of fast light electrons are the charge carriers that biology uses. Based on the slow ions, we derive the correct physical model that Hodgkin and Huxley wanted. By using laws of electricity and thermodynamics in a non-disciplinary way, we derive the resting potential from the first principles of science, from the biological "construction" (the thickness of the isolating semipermeable membrane and the presence of ion channels in the walls of the membrane separating ionic solutions). We show that a simple control circuit regulates neuronal operation, between a resting and a transient state and that issuing an Action Potential is part of the control process. We explain that the resting potential is the consequence of charge separation instead of an ad-hoc linear combination of mobilities or reversal potentials as the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation claimed. We defy the hypothesis suggested by HH that some "leakage current" produces the resting potential; this way solve the decades-old mystery of "heat absorption" by neurons, the controversy of the experienced and theoretically expected energy consumption of neural computing. We fix the mistakes HH guessed in the physical picture behind their empirical model and mathematical equations, and introduce the correct physical model by providing also its detailed mathematical description.