标题： 高精度重子数累积量来自有限箱中的格点QCD：累积量比值、李-杨零点和临界端点预测 显示英文标题

标题： High-precision baryon number cumulants from lattice QCD in a finite box: cumulant ratios, Lee-Yang zeros and critical endpoint predictions

摘要： 我们使用4HEX改进的阶梯费米子在$16^3 \times 8$格点上进行了高统计量的格点模拟。 我们在零化学势下计算了压强关于重子化学势的泰勒展开系数到第十阶，在纯虚数化学势下计算到第四阶。 我们利用这些数据构建了自由能的有理函数近似。 我们采用了一个显式满足电荷共轭对称性和Roberge-Weiss周期性的有理假设，这些是QCD自由能的精确性质。 我们使用这个假设来估计复化学势平面上的Lee-Yang零点位置。 然后，我们用与3D伊辛临界点附近自由能的普遍行为相关的假设来拟合Lee-Yang零点虚部的温度依赖性。 原则上，这允许估计临界端点的温度。 我们考虑了几种系统误差的来源。 在这个单一格点间距下，我们发现以$84\%$的概率，手征临界端点要么低于$103$~MeV温度，要么不存在。 我们还指出了该方法的一些注意事项，即使在本研究中极高的统计量下这些注意事项也不会消失。 我们讨论了这些注意事项在未来的高统计量格点分析中能在多大程度上被消除。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We have performed high-statistics lattice simulations using 4HEX improved staggered fermions on $16^3 \times 8$ lattices. We calculated the Taylor expansion coefficients of the pressure with respect to the baryochemical potential to the tenth order at zero, and fourth order at purely imaginary chemical potentials. We used this data to construct rational function approximations of the free energy. We use a rational ansatz that explicitly satisfies the charge conjugation symmetry and the Roberge-Weiss periodicity, which are exact properties of the QCD free energy. We use this ansatz to estimate the position of Lee-Yang zeros in the complex chemical potential plane. The temperature dependence of the imaginary part of the Lee-Yang zeros is then fitted with ans\"atze motivated by the universal behavior of the free energy near a 3D Ising critical point. In principle, this allows one to estimate the temperature of the critical endpoint. We consider several sources of systematic errors. On this single lattice spacing we find that with $84\%$ probability, the chiral critical endpoint is either below $103$~MeV temperature or it does not exist. We also identify some caveats of the method, which do not disappear even with the extremely high statistics of this present study. We discuss to what extent these can be eliminated by future high statistics lattice analyses.