标题： 粒子物理中量子纠缠的历史起源 显示英文标题

标题： Historical origins of quantum entanglement in particle physics

摘要： 在本文中，粒子物理中量子纠缠的历史起源被系统而深入地研究。 1957年，波姆和阿哈罗诺夫指出，爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森关联在1949年吴健雄和沙克诺夫的实验中已被实验实现。 这是历史上第一次在受控实验中明确实现了空间分离的量子纠缠。 惠勒首先提出这样的实验作为量子电动力学的测试，但他的计算有误；正确的理论计算来自沃德和普莱斯，以及辛德勒、帕斯特纳克和霍恩博斯特尔，结果与杨振宁1949年的选择规则一致。 在贝尔不等式于1964年发表之后，人们考虑是否可以利用吴-沙克诺夫实验来测试它。 这推动了该领域的发展，吴的小组进行了一项新实验，尽管它未能成功测试贝尔不等式的违反。 1957年，李政道、雷纳德·奥姆和杨振宁建立了介子的量子力学描述，并发现中性介子是一个两态系统。 1958年，基于类似于杨振宁1949年选择规则的方法，戈德哈伯、李政道和杨振宁首次写下了介子对的纠缠态，在这种状态下，单个介子可以带电或不带电。 这首次实现了高能粒子内部自由度的量子纠缠，除了光子之外。 1960年，作为未发表的工作，李政道和杨振宁讨论了中性介子对的量子纠缠后果。 我们还描述了几位过去的物理学家，特别是沃德。 本文的中文版本于2023年初发表。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this paper, the historical origins of quantum entanglement in particle physics are systematically and thoroughly investigated. 1957, Bohm and Aharonov noted that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation had been experimentally realised in the 1949 experiment of Chien-Shiung Wu and Shaknov. This was the first time in history that spatially separated quantum entanglement was explicitly realised in a controlled experiment. Wheeler first proposed such an experiment as a test of quantum electrodynamics, but his calculation was in error; the correct theoretical calculations came from Ward and Price, as well as from Snyder, Pasternack and Hornbostel, and the result was in accordance with Yang's 1949 selection rule. After the publication of Bell's inequality in 1964, it was considered whether it could be tested by using the Wu-Shaknov experiment. This gave an impetus to the field, and a new experiment was done by Wu's group, though it was not successful as a test of Bell inequality violation. In 1957, Tsung-Dao Lee, Reinhard Oehme and Chen Ning Yang established the quantum mechanical description of the kaons and found that the neutral kaon is a two-state system. In 1958, based on an approach similar to Yang's 1949 selection rule, Goldhaber, Lee and Yang were the first to write down the entangled states of kaon pairs, in which a single kaon can be charged or neutral. This gave, for the first time, quantum entanglement of internal degrees of freedom of high-energy particles other than photons. In 1960, as unpublished work, Lee and Yang discussed the consequences of quantum entanglement of neutral kaon pairs. We also describe several physicists in the past, especially Ward. A Chinese version of this paper was published in early 2023.