标题： 静态福柯和棱锥波前传感的定量方法 显示英文标题

标题： Quantitative Wavefront sensing with static Foucault and pyramid tests

摘要： 波前传感器（WFS）现在是光学系统计量学、生物医学光学和天文学自适应光学系统中的核心组件。 如今，最流行的WFS是Shack-Hartmann传感器，它完全静态，但会受到被测光学系统瞳孔平面上的空间分辨率限制。 通过其他类型的传感器可以实现更高的空间分辨率，例如需要记录信号时间调制的金字塔WFS，这会带来高机械和电子复杂性。 本文研究了从著名的傅科测试中获得灵感进行定量波前传感的可能性，仅包含静态、非调制的光学元件。 在这里，提出了两种基于反射棱镜组的静态WFS候选设计。这些棱镜可能涂有梯度密度滤光片。 一个简化的数学模型允许定义波前斜率重建公式并计算波前本身。 数值模拟表明，当使用涂层棱镜时，波前测量精度符合经典的衍射极限标准。 因此，在这种情况下可以实现精确的波前误差（WFE）测量。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Wavefront sensors (WFS) are now core components in the fields of metrology of optical systems, biomedical optics and adaptive optics systems for astronomy. Nowadays, the most popular WFS is the Shack-Hartmann, which is fully static but suffers from a limited spatial resolution in the pupil plane of the tested optical system. Higher spatial resolutions are achievable with other types of sensors, e.g. the pyramid WFS that requires temporal modulation of the recorded signals and implies high mechanical and electronic complexity. This paper examines the possibility of performing quantitative wavefront sensing inspired from the well-known Foucault test and only comprising static, non-modulated optical components. Here, two candidate designs of static WFS are proposed, based on a set of reflective prisms. Those prisms may be coated with gradient density filters. A simplified mathematical model allows for the definition of the wavefront slopes reconstruction formula and for the calculation of the wavefront itself. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the wavefront measurement accuracy is compliant with classical diffraction limit criteria when using coated prisms. Thus accurate WFE measurements are feasible in that case.