标题： 通过传感器阵列的衍射复用实现大规模压缩显微术 显示英文标题

标题： Large-scale compressive microscopy via diffractive multiplexing across a sensor array

摘要： 显微镜在空间分辨率、视场和帧率之间面临权衡——提高其中一个属性通常需要牺牲其他属性，这是由于传感器的时空吞吐量有限。 为了克服这一问题，我们提出了一种新的显微镜，它通过传感器阵列和衍射光学元件（DOE）实现了单次拍摄的千兆像素级成像。 我们以两种方式提高了时空吞吐量。 首先，我们使用48个传感器的阵列捕获数据，产生的像素数量是单个传感器的48倍。 其次，我们利用点扩散函数（PSF）工程和压缩感知算法来填补阵列中各个传感器周围间隙缺失的信息，从而进一步将系统的时空吞吐量提高超过5.4倍。 传感器阵列被建模为一个单一的大格式“超传感器”，其中缺失部分对应于各个传感器之间的间隙。 该阵列位于一个（几乎）4f成像系统的输出端，并我们设计了一个傅里叶平面的DOE，生成一个分布式的PSF，编码了整个超传感器区域的信息，包括间隙部分。 然后，我们假设物体在某种域中是稀疏的，计算恢复出大尺度图像。 我们的无校准显微镜可以在高达120 fps的速度下实现超过5.2平方厘米的视场，分辨率为约3{\mu }m，最终达到每秒252亿像素的总时空吞吐量。 我们在两种不同的模式下展示了我们显微镜的多功能性：通过暗场对比进行结构成像，以及同时对数十个自由移动的C. elegans的钙动态进行功能荧光成像。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Microscopes face a trade-off between spatial resolution, field-of-view, and frame rate -- improving one of these properties typically requires sacrificing the others, due to the limited spatiotemporal throughput of the sensor. To overcome this, we propose a new microscope that achieves snapshot gigapixel-scale imaging with a sensor array and a diffractive optical element (DOE). We improve the spatiotemporal throughput in two ways. First, we capture data with an array of 48 sensors resulting in 48x more pixels than a single sensor. Second, we use point spread function (PSF) engineering and compressive sensing algorithms to fill in the missing information from the gaps surrounding the individual sensors in the array, further increasing the spatiotemporal throughput of the system by an additional >5.4x. The array of sensors is modeled as a single large-format "super-sensor," with erasures corresponding to the gaps between the individual sensors. The array is placed at the output of a (nearly) 4f imaging system, and we design a DOE for the Fourier plane that generates a distributed PSF that encodes information from the entire super-sensor area, including the gaps. We then computationally recover the large-scale image, assuming the object is sparse in some domain. Our calibration-free microscope can achieve ~3 {\mu}m resolution over >5.2 cm^2 FOVs at up to 120 fps, culminating in a total spatiotemporal throughput of 25.2 billion pixels per second. We demonstrate the versatility of our microscope in two different modes: structural imaging via darkfield contrast and functional fluorescence imaging of calcium dynamics across dozens of freely moving C. elegans simultaneously.