标题： 将混合方法应用于低束流能量，并从强子输运中获得动态初始条件 显示英文标题

标题： Pushing the hybrid approach to low beam energies with dynamic initial conditions from hadronic transport

摘要： 虽然相对论流体力学+输运的混合方法在高束流能量重离子碰撞的动力学描述中已经得到了很好的确立，但转向较低的束流能量具有挑战性。 在本工作中，我们提出了用于低到中等束流能量重离子碰撞中粘性流体动力学演化的动态初始条件。 它们由基于预平衡强子演化期间局部能量密度的核心强子组成。 然后将SMASH-vHLLE混合方法应用于较低的束流能量，在$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 3$和$9.1\ \mathrm{GeV}$之间与测量的总体可观测量取得了良好的一致性，从而为STAR-BES和CBM在FAIR的测量提供了指导。 该框架的优势在于致密QCD物质的状态方程是计算的直接输入，因此当前结果可以被视为相对于未来相变研究的基准。 显示英文摘要

摘要： While hybrid approaches of relativistic hydrodynamics+transport have been well established for the dynamical description of heavy-ion collisions at high beam energies, moving to lower beam energies is challenging. In this work, we propose dynamic initial conditions for the viscous hydrodynamic evolution in heavy-ion collisions at low to intermediate beam energies. They are comprised of core hadrons based on the local energy density during the pre-equilibrium hadronic evolution. The SMASH-vHLLE hybrid approach is then applied to lower beam energies, achieving good agreement with measured bulk observables between $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 3$ and $9.1\ \mathrm{GeV}$, thus providing guidance for measurements in STAR-BES and CBM at FAIR. This framework has the advantage that the equation of state of dense QCD matter is a direct input to the calculation, so the current results can be regarded as a baseline with respect to future studies of the phase transition.