标题： 伊辛模型的起源 显示英文标题

标题： Origins of the Ising model

摘要： 1925年，埃里希·伊斯林发表了一篇论文，分析了威廉·伦茨于1920年提出的关于铁磁性的模型。 该模型由仅具有两种状态的组成单元构成，并且只有当它们是邻居时才会相互作用。 伊斯林表明，在一维链中，该模型不会表现出有序的铁磁状态，这是一个令人沮丧但正确的结果。 然而，鲁道夫·佩尔斯在1936年证明，在二维情况下该模型确实表现出有序状态，因此在三维情况下也是如此。 这一结果表明，短程相互作用以及每个组成单元仅具有两种状态就足以在远距离上产生有序性。 这两个要素是理解该模型及其变体在其出现一百年后仍然成功的关键。 在这里，我们分析该模型在1936年之前的发展情况。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In 1925, Ernest Ising published a paper analyzing a model proposed in 1920 by Wilhelm Lenz for ferromagnetism. The model is composed of constituent units that take only two states and interact only when they are neighbors. Ising showed that in a linear chain the model does not present an ordered ferromagnetic state, a frustrating but correct result. However, Rudolf Peierls demonstrated in 1936 that the model does in fact present an ordered state in two dimensions, and therefore in three dimensions. This result reveals that short-range interaction and only two states for each constituent unit are sufficient for ordering to occur over long distances. These two elements are the key to understanding the success of the model and its variants even a hundred years after its appearance. Here we analyze the emergence of the model in the period up to 1936.