标题： 用于低噪声、漂移稳定和可调化学传感的主动双栅石墨烯晶体管 显示英文标题

标题： Active Dual-Gated Graphene Transistors for Low-Noise, Drift-Stable, and Tunable Chemical Sensing

摘要： 石墨烯场效应晶体管（GFETs）由于其高载流子迁移率、大表面积和低本征噪声，成为超灵敏化学和生物传感最有前景的平台之一。 然而，在液体环境中，传统的单栅极GFET传感器存在严重的限制，包括信号漂移、电荷捕获和信号放大不足。 在此，我们引入了一种双栅极GFET结构，该结构集成了高介电常数的二氧化铪局部背栅与电解质顶栅，并结合了实时反馈偏置。 这种设计能够在同时抑制栅极漏电和低频噪声的情况下实现电容信号放大。 通过系统评估七种不同的操作模式，我们确定双模式固定配置为最优方案，实现了高达20倍的信号增益，与栅极扫描方法相比漂移降低了15倍以上，并在多种分析物（包括神经递质、挥发性有机化合物、环境污染物和蛋白质）中实现了高达7倍的信噪比。 我们进一步展示了使用PCB集成的GFET传感器阵列进行稳健的多路检测，突显了该平台在复杂环境中便携式、高通量传感的可扩展性和实用性。 综上所述，这些进展建立了一种多功能且稳定的传感技术，能够在环境和生理条件下实现实时、无标记的分子目标检测，在健康监测、食品安全、农业和环境筛查等领域具有广泛的应用前景。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) are among the most promising platforms for ultrasensitive chemical and biological sensing due to their high carrier mobility, large surface area, and low intrinsic noise. However, conventional single-gate GFET sensors in liquid environments suffer from severe limitations, including signal drift, charge trapping, and insufficient signal amplification. Here, we introduce a dual-gate GFET architecture that integrates a high-k hafnium dioxide local back gate with an electrolyte top gate, coupled with real-time feedback biasing. This design enables capacitive signal amplification while simultaneously suppressing gate leakage and low-frequency noise. By systematically evaluating seven distinct operational modes, we identify the Dual Mode Fixed configuration as optimal, achieving up to 20x signal gain, > 15x lower drift compared with gate-swept methods, and up to 7x higher signal to noise ratio across a diverse range of analytes, including neurotransmitters, volatile organic compounds, environmental contaminants, and proteins. We further demonstrate robust, multiplexed detection using a PCB-integrated GFET sensor array, underscoring the scalability and practicality of the platform for portable, high-throughput sensing in complex environments. Together, these advances establish a versatile and stable sensing technology capable of real-time, label-free detection of molecular targets under ambient and physiological conditions, with broad applicability in health monitoring, food safety, agriculture, and environmental screening.