标题： 通过逆设计超表面实现均匀2D目标生成 显示英文标题

标题： Uniform 2D Target Generation via Inverse-designed Metasurfaces

摘要： 我们提出了一种超表面的逆向设计框架，该框架能够在按需形状上实现高度均匀的二维强度分布。 优化目标通过伴随方法进行公式化，以提高整体投影效率，同时正则化项惩罚场幅值的局部偏差，以抑制强度不均匀性。 正则化权重根据当前的不均匀性自适应调整，从而实现稳定且高效的优化。 与广泛使用的均方误差（MSE）目标相比，我们的方法在强度保真度和均匀性方面表现出更优的性能。 我们还将框架扩展到通过偏置库来处理现实中的高斯束照明。 仿真结果证实了我们方法在生成高质量、均匀场图案方面的有效性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We propose an inverse design framework for metasurfaces that achieves highly uniform two-dimensional intensity profiles across an on-demand shape. The optimization objective is formulated to enhance overall projection efficiency via the adjoint method, while a regularization term penalizes local deviations in field amplitude to suppress intensity non-uniformity. The regularization weight is adaptively tuned based on the current non-uniformity, enabling stable and efficient optimization. Compared with the widely used mean squared error (MSE) objective, our method yields superior performance in both intensity fidelity and uniformity. We also extend our framework to handle realistic Gaussian beam illumination by biasing the library. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our approach for generating high-quality, uniform field patterns.