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我们对基于大学第一年课程中提出的功-能定理和机械能守恒的古典能量方法进行了批判性分析。 我们展示了这些方法存在一系列矛盾和错误,这些问题是学生概念理解困难的来源。 然后我们分析了基于过去40年物理教育研究结果的现代力学课程处理方法。 我们特别强调能量守恒原理作为自然的基本原理之一,优先考虑系统、环境以及能量传递和转化的概念。
We present a critical analysis of the classical approaches to energy subjects, based on the work-energy theorem and the conservation of mechanical energy proposed in the courses of the first years of tertiary education. We show how these approaches present a series of inconsistencies and errors that are a source of conceptual difficulties among students. We then analyze a modern treatment of mechanical courses based on the results of research in physics education over the last 40 years. We place special emphasis on the principle of conservation of energy as one of the fundamental principles of nature, prioritizing the concepts of system, surrounding, and energy transfer and transformation.