标题： 抗体消耗驱动的动态竞争：从急性免疫反应过渡到感染后遗症的系统假设 显示英文标题

标题： Antibody Consumption-Driven Dynamic Competition: A Systems Hypothesis for the Transition from Acute Immune Response to Post-Infection Sequelae

摘要： 感染后遗症形成机制复杂且仍有争议。 本假设整合了Bystryn的抗体反馈现象和Imbiakha的免疫代价理论，首次提出了一种“抗体克隆消耗驱动的动力竞争”机制。 该机制认为，免疫系统可能通过感知并响应特定抗体的消耗率来调节相应B细胞克隆的增殖与分化。 这种由消耗率差异驱动的竞争不仅可能影响抗原生长阶段的病原体清除效率及相关的急性病理表现，还可能在抗原衰减和稳态重建阶段关键性地介导感染后遗症的发生、发展甚至消退。 提出的三阶段“消耗驱动的动力竞争”模型为理解感染后免疫结果（包括急性症状的出现和自限、慢性后遗症的形成和持续以及症状波动或消退）的重要个体变异性和动态演变提供了统一且动态的解释框架。 它不仅关注特定分子，还强调免疫系统内竞争与选择的宏观动力学，为探索后遗症的新干预策略（例如通过调节抗体竞争平衡）提供了理论基础。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The mechanisms underlying the formation of post-infection sequelae are complex and remain controversial. This hypothesis integrates Bystryn's antibody feedback phenomenon and Imbiakha's immune cost theory, proposing for the first time a "Consumption-Driven Dynamic Competition of Antibody Clones" mechanism. This mechanism posits that the immune system may regulate the proliferation and differentiation of corresponding B cell clones by sensing and responding to the consumption rate of specific antibodies. This competition, driven by differences in consumption rates, might not only influence pathogen clearance efficiency and associated acute pathology during the antigen growth phase but also critically mediate the onset, development, and even resolution of post-infection sequelae during the antigen decay and homeostasis re-establishment phases. The proposed three-phase "consumption-driven dynamic competition" model provides a unified and dynamic explanatory framework for understanding the significant individual variability and dynamic evolution of post-infection immune outcomes (including the emergence and self-limitation of acute symptoms, the formation and persistence of chronic sequelae, and symptom fluctuations or resolution). It emphasizes not just specific molecules but the macroscopic dynamics of competition and selection within the immune system, offering a theoretical basis for exploring new intervention strategies for sequelae (e.g., by regulating the balance of antibody competition).