标题： 通过双报告系统量化信息流及其在细菌趋化中的应用 显示英文标题

标题： Quantification of Information Flow by Dual Reporter System and Its Application to Bacterial Chemotaxis

摘要： 互信息是用于量化细胞信号传导通路的理论基础度量。 然而，其测量需要对输入和输出分布进行表征，限制了实际应用。 在这里，我们提出了一种替代方法，通过双报告系统减轻这一要求。 通过扩展外在-内在噪声分析，我们推导出一种互信息估计器，消除了测量输入分布的需要。 我们通过分析细菌趋化通路来演示我们的方法，将多个鞭毛马达作为天然的双报告系统。 我们通过将测得的信息流与感官信息的理论界限进行比较，展示了测得的信息流的生物学相关性。 这个框架为量化细胞信号传导通路中的信息流开辟了新的可能性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Mutual information is a theoretically grounded metric for quantifying cellular signaling pathways. However, its measurement demands characterization of both input and output distributions, limiting practical applications. Here, we present alternative method that alleviates this requirement using dual reporter systems. By extending extrinsic-intrinsic noise analysis, we derive a mutual information estimator that eliminates the need to measure input distribution. We demonstrate our method by analyzing the bacterial chemotactic pathway, regarding multiple flagellar motors as natural dual reporters. We show the biological relevance of the measured information flow by comparing it with theoretical bounds on sensory information. This framework opens new possibilities for quantifying information flow in cellular signaling pathways.