标题： 折叠切换蛋白质 显示英文标题

标题： Fold-switching Proteins

摘要： 球状蛋白质预期会形成具有固定二级结构的折叠，如α-螺旋和β-折叠。 折叠转换蛋白质通过在细胞刺激下重塑其二级和/或三级结构来挑战这一预期。 尽管这些形态变化蛋白质曾被认为是有随机进化副产物，与内在生物学意义关系不大，但最近的研究表明，进化选择了它们的双折叠行为，这种行为在所有生命领域的生物过程中起着关键作用。 折叠转换范围的扩大引起了人们对它如何挑战传统观念的关注，提出了关于蛋白质结构、生物物理学和进化的根本性未解问题。 在此，我们讨论为回答这些问题所取得的进展，并提出该领域未来的发展方向。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Globular proteins are expected to assume folds with fixed secondary structures, alpha-helices and beta-sheets. Fold-switching proteins challenge this expectation by remodeling their secondary and/or tertiary structures in response to cellular stimuli. Though these shapeshifting proteins were once thought to be haphazard evolutionary byproducts with little intrinsic biological relevance, recent work has shown that evolution has selected for their dual-folding behavior, which plays critical roles in biological processes across all kingdoms of life. The widening scope of fold switching draws attention to the ways it challenges conventional wisdom, raising fundamental unanswered questions about protein structure, biophysics, and evolution. Here we discuss the progress being made to answer these questions and suggest future directions for the field.